临床应用吗啡止痛已有几十年的历史,尽管吗啡满意的止痛效果仍居首位,但它伴随不易克服的副怍用如镇静、抑制呼吸、便秘等却是临床医生所烦脑的,因此,如何降低吗啡用量,提高止痛效应仍是当今医学界热烈追求探索的课题。80年代中期开始,临床外科上肢手术试用了局部吗啡注射或与lidocaine结 Clinical application of morphine analgesic has decades of history, although morphine satisfactory analgesic effect is still the first place, but it is not easy to overcome with the Vice 怍 such as sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, etc. are clinicians annoyed, so , How to reduce the dosage of morphine and improve the analgesic effect is still a hot topic in today’s medical profession. Since the mid-1980s, topical surgical surgeries in clinical surgically tested topical morphine injection or lidocaine knot