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1943年正式建立的中共中央主席制一直延续到新中国建立以后。十一届三中全会以后,为改变一定时期内党中央最高领导者个人高度集权的现象,以邓小平为代表的中国共产党人,在系统阐述撤销主席制与建立集体领导体制必要性的基础上,对党中央领导体制进行了大胆改革,建立了中央集体领导体制。邓小平在其中的贡献主要包括:从健全党的规章入手对主席的“最后决定权”进行了否定;中央以总书记制取代主席制,以限制党的最高领导者个人的职权;建立党的领导干部退休制和任期制,以避免党的最高领导人终身集权。
The formal chairmanship of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, established in 1943, continued after the founding of new China. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, in order to change the individual highly centralized state of the supreme leader of the party Central Committee within a certain period of time, the Chinese Communists represented by Deng Xiaoping systematically elaborated the necessity of revoking the presidential system and establishing a collective leadership system, Boldly reformed the leadership system of the party Central Committee and established the central collective leadership system. Deng Xiaoping’s contribution in it mainly includes starting with the rule of the party, denying the chairman’s “final decision”; replacing the chairmanship with the general secretary system in the Central Committee to limit the authority of the party’s top leader; establishing the Party Of the leading cadres retirement system and tenure in order to avoid the supremacy of the party’s supreme leader.