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目的评价珠江三角洲地区部分公共场所集中空调通风系统清洗效果。方法于2010年4—10月随机抽取珠江三角洲地区的广州市、佛山市、深圳市3种公共场所(酒店、展览馆和大型商场)各5家,对清洗前后的空调送风管道内表面积尘量、积尘中菌落总数、真菌总数和β-溶血性链球菌以及送风中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、菌落总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌进行检测。结果清洗前后,3种场所集中空调风管内表面积尘量、积尘菌落总数、积尘真菌总数、送风中菌落总数、送风中真菌总数中位数分别由17.85 g/m2、30 cfu/cm2、53 cfu/cm2、85 cfu/m3、218 cfu/m3下降为0.60 g/m2、<1 cfu/cm2、<1 cfu/cm2、35 cfu/m3、168 cfu/m3,合格率分别由清洗前的51.8%,90.21%,91.89%,75.00%,89.06%提高到87.6%,100%,100%,100%,100%。送风中PM10中位数由清洗前的0.06 mg/m3上升到0.08 mg/m3,合格率由清洗前的69.19%下降到67.87%。清洗前后,风管内表面积尘及送风中β-溶血性链球菌均未检出。经秩和检验,3种场所集中空调风管内表面清洗前后积尘量、积尘菌落总数、积尘真菌总数、送风中菌落总数、送风中真菌总数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而送风中PM10差异无统计学意义。结论珠江三角洲地区公共场所集中空调通风系统清洗效果显著,但集中空调通风系统清洗、评价工作中存在的问题仍需进一步完善。
Objective To evaluate the cleaning effect of central air conditioning and ventilation system in some public places in the Pearl River Delta. Methods From April to October in 2010, five public places (hotels, exhibition halls and shopping malls) in Guangzhou, Foshan and Shenzhen in the Pearl River Delta were randomly selected to collect dust on the inner surface of the air-conditioning air supply pipe before and after cleaning Amount, the total number of colonies in the dust, the total number of fungi and β-hemolytic streptococcus and the inhalable particles (PM10), the total number of colonies, the total number of fungi, β-hemolytic streptococcus detection. Results Before and after cleaning, the dust accumulation, the total number of dust colonies, the total number of dust-collecting fungi, the total number of colonies in blast-fed air and the total number of fungi in blast air were 17.85 g / m2, 30 cfu / cm2 , 53 cfu / cm 2, 85 cfu / m 3 and 218 cfu / m 3 decreased to 0.60 g / m 2, <1 cfu / cm 2, <1 cfu / , 51.8%, 90.21%, 91.89%, 75.00%, 89.06% to 87.6%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100% respectively. The median of PM10 in air supply increased from 0.06 mg / m3 before cleaning to 0.08 mg / m3, and the pass rate dropped from 69.19% before cleaning to 67.87%. Before and after cleaning, air duct surface dust and air β-hemolytic streptococcus are not detected. After rank sum test, the dust accumulation, the total number of dust colonies, the total number of dust-collecting fungi, the total number of colonies in blast-fed and the total number of fungi in blast-fed air before and after cleaning the inner surface of air-conditioned duct in three places were statistically significant (P <0.05) , But there was no significant difference in PM10 in air supply. Conclusion The cleaning effects of central air conditioning and ventilation systems in public places in Pearl River Delta are significant. However, the problems in cleaning and evaluation of centralized air conditioning and ventilation systems still need to be further improved.