目的了解兰州市鼠间带毒、鼠密度及鼠种构成与肾综合征出血热(HFRS)人群发病的关系,为今后更有效控制疫情提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法分析HFRS疫情,鼠密度监测采用夹夜法和粉迹法,采用间接免疫荧光法检测HFRS抗原、抗体。结果1994-2006年兰州市报告HFRS病例7例,死亡3例,发病年龄在25～58岁,职业以农民为主,男女发病性别比为2.5:1。褐家鼠为优势种群,占46.10%,鼠带毒率11.86%,人群隐性感染率为2.53%。2004-2006年灭鼠前鼠密度20.86%～32.65%,灭鼠后降至1.53%～1.68%。结论兰州市成为家鼠型HFRS新疫区,加强监测,采取综合性措施预防和控制HFRS疫情。 Objective To understand the relationship between the virulence, rat density, murine structure and the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Lanzhou, and to provide a basis for more effective control of the epidemic in the future. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic situation of HFRS. The nocturnal monitoring method was used to monitor the rat density, and the indirect immunofluorescence method was used to detect the HFRS antigen and antibody. Results From 1994 to 2006, 7 cases of HFRS were reported in Lanzhou City, and 3 died. The age of onset was 25-58 years old. The main occupation was peasants. The sex ratio of male to female was 2.5: 1. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species, accounting for 46.10% of the total. The virulence of the mice was 11.86%, and the latent infection rate was 2.53%. From 2004 to 2006, the densities of mice were 20.86% ~ 32.65%, and decreased to 1.53% ~ 1.68% after deratization. Conclusion Lanzhou became a new type of HFRS in house mice. The surveillance was strengthened and comprehensive measures were taken to prevent and control the epidemic of HFRS.