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科学家早已知道,人体的遗传秘密存贮在细胞核内的染色体中。这些染色体不但决定了一个人的外貌特点和健康、寿命,也决定了一个人性格倾向,学习、语言、记忆和智能状况。1999年12月2日,英国《自然》杂志发表了一篇论文,向全世界宣布:人体第22号染色体的遗传密码已经全部破译。这是迄今为止,科学家首次成功完成的人体染色体基因完整序列的测定。大家清楚,人体只有23对染色体,其中22对为常染色体,一对是性染色体。由于性染色体有 x、y 两种,所以就基因内容而言,共有24种模式。第24号染色体只是24种模式中的一种而已。为了对全面情况有一个初步概念,这里我们还有必要介绍一下“人体基因组计划”。人体基因组计划是1989年开始启动的,有美、英、日、德、法、中等国家的科学家参与其事。工作的目标是,把人体细胞中编码在染色体 DNA 双螺旋结构中的遗传信息,全部解译出来。学者相
Scientists already know that the body’s genetic secrets are stored in the chromosomes of the nucleus. These chromosomes not only determine a person’s physical appearance and health, life expectancy, but also determines a person’s personality, learning, language, memory and intelligence status. December 2, 1999, the British “Nature” magazine published a paper to the world announced: human chromosome 22 genetic code has been completely deciphering. This is by far the first complete sequence of human chromosomal DNA that scientists have successfully completed. We all know that the human body has only 23 pairs of chromosomes, of which 22 pairs of autosomal, a pair of sex chromosomes. As sex chromosomes have x, y two, so the gene content, a total of 24 patterns. Chromosome 24 is just one of 24 patterns. In order to have a preliminary idea of the overall situation, here we also need to introduce “Human Genome Project.” Human Genome Project was started in 1989, and scientists in the United States, Britain, Japan, Germany, France and China are involved. The goal of the work is to interpret all the genetic information in human cells that is encoded in the double helix of chromosomal DNA. Scholar phase