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肝干细胞是指能够参与肝细胞再生和损伤修复的同时具有干细胞特质的细胞的总称。当肝脏或肝功能受到严重损伤,肝干细胞被激活并增殖,分化为肝实质细胞和胆管上皮细胞,使得肝功能得以重建。根据起源不同,肝干细胞可分为肝源性肝干细胞和非肝源性肝干细胞。肝干细胞是具有重要临床价值的细胞,在自我更新、高度增殖和多向分化潜能方面都具有巨大的潜能。近年有实验表明,肝干细胞亦可能是肝肿瘤细胞的起源,它与肝肿瘤的发生发展密切相关,提示肝干细胞的研究对于了解肝损伤修复机理,肝肿瘤的发生发展机制具有重要意义。本文对肝干细胞的分类、来源及特性,肝干细胞的表面标志的主要差别,肝干细胞的活化、分离和培养,肝干细胞分化增殖的调节,肝干细胞与原发性肝癌的关系以及肝干细胞的发展前景的相关研究进展作一阐述。
Liver stem cells refer to a group of cells capable of participating in hepatocyte regeneration and injury repair while having stem cell characteristics. When the liver or liver function is severely damaged, hepatic stem cells are activated and proliferate, differentiate into hepatic parenchymal cells and bile duct epithelial cells, and liver function can be reconstructed. According to different origins, liver stem cells can be divided into liver-derived liver stem cells and non-liver-derived liver stem cells. Liver stem cells are cells of great clinical value with great potential for self-renewal, highly proliferative and multi-directional differentiation potential. In recent years, experiments show that liver stem cells may also be the origin of liver tumor cells, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver tumors, suggesting that liver stem cell research is important for understanding the mechanism of liver injury repair, liver tumor occurrence and development. In this paper, the classification, sources and characteristics of hepatic stem cells, the main differences of the surface markers of hepatic stem cells, the activation, isolation and culture of hepatic stem cells, the regulation of hepatic stem cell differentiation and proliferation, the relationship between hepatic stem cells and primary hepatocellular carcinoma and the development of hepatic stem cells Prospects of related research made an elaboration.