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1 笔者曾依据列宁的有关论述,提出用“感性唯心主义”、“理性唯心主义”概念来表述唯心主义两大基本形态。为了确立这一主张,笔者再述管见,以期引起理论界的关注和批评。 众所周知,唯心主义在哲学基本问题上主张精神第一性、物质第二性,将世界归结为、统一于某种精神原因。应该说,唯心主义是本体论意义上的唯灵论、观念论、唯精神论。从这个意义上讲,唯心主义只有一种形态,其不同表现形式只能是承认“创世说”的方式不同而已。然而,精神本体是时代的产物,它与社会进而与唯心主义哲学家的价值取向、与时代思维方式之特点均有种种联系并深受其影响,从而使得“精神”偏重于某一部分或方面,使唯心主义精神本体呈现出不同的色彩。
According to Lenin’s related exposition, the author proposed that the two basic forms of idealism be expressed by the concepts of “perceptual idealism” and “rational idealism.” In order to establish this proposition, the author reconsidered, with a view to arousing the attention and criticism of theorists. It is well known that idealism advocates spiritual primacy and material second nature on the basic philosophical issues and attributed the unification of the world to some spiritual cause. It should be said that idealism is spiritualism, conceptism and spiritualism in the ontological sense. In this sense, there is only one form of idealism, and its different forms of expression can only be different ways of acknowledging the “creation of the world.” However, the spiritual noumenon is the product of the times, which is closely related to and deeply influenced by the values of society and philosophers of the idealism and the characteristics of the thinking modes of the times, so that the “spirit” is emphasized on a certain part or aspect, So that the idealist spiritual body showed a different color.