实践中,环境损害数额通常由有资质的鉴定机构作出,应当如何选择、确定生态环境损害倍数,目前尚未有定论或可量化的指标供参考,需进一步明确。自新《环境保护法》设立环境民事公益诉讼机制以来,2015年1月至2016年12月31日,全国各级法院共受理环境民事公益诉讼一审案件189件、二审案件11件。随着案件数量的增加,审理中所遇到的问题也不断显现出来。虚拟治理成本 In practice, the amount of environmental damage is usually made by a qualified appraisal agency. How to choose and determine the multiples of ecological damage has not yet been conclusive or quantifiable indicators for reference and needs to be further clarified. Since the establishment of Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation Mechanism under the Environmental Protection Law, from January 2015 to December 31, 2016, courts at all levels across the country have handled 189 first instance cases of civil environmental litigation and 11 second instance cases. As the number of cases increases, the problems encountered during the trial are also constantly emerging. Virtual governance costs