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放射性碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌患者因病灶摄碘功能不佳而无法从131 I等传统治疗方法中获益。近年来，甲状腺癌分子病理学研究新成果为甲状腺癌的分子诊断和靶向治疗提供了新的契机，相关分子靶向治疗的临床试验和荟萃分析均取得了可喜的结果。本文从临床角度对放射性碘难治性分化型甲状腺癌分子靶向治疗的最新进展进行综述。“,”There is no standard therapy for radioiodine?refractory differentiated thyroid cancer which do not respond to tradi?tional therapies. Recently, a number of genetic alterations have been described in thyroid cancer, which provides an unprecedented op?portunity for the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers as well as novel therapeutic targets. Novel molecu?lar?targeted treatments hold great promise for radioiodine?refractory and surgically inoperable thyroid cancer as shown in the most recent clinical trials and meta?analysis. This review is to outline the modern thyroid cancer medicine from a clinical perspective, focusing on the latest advances in molecular?targeted therapy.