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[目的]探讨肾结石患者经皮肾镜取石术(PC N L)术后结石残留的相关影响因素.[方法]选取2014年2月至2016年4月本院收治的279例肾结石患者的临床资料,所有患者均行PC N L术治疗,记录所有患者术后结石残留情况,并对患者术后结石残留的相关影响因素进行单因素方差分析,对有统计学意义的相关影响因素行多因素Logistic回归分析.[结果]279例肾脏结石患者手术清除率831.5%,残留率为168.5%.结石直径>10.cm、混合结石、结石负荷>700 mm2、鹿角形结石、多个结石、肾功能不全、手术时间>60 min患者的结石残留率明显高于其他患者,差异具有统计学意义(P10.cm、混合结石、结石负荷>700 mm2、鹿角形结石、多个结石、肾功能不全是影响肾脏结石患者手术后结石残留的危险因素(P10.cm ,mixed stones ,stones load > 700mm2 ,staghorn stones ,multiple stones ,renal insufficiency ,and operative time> 60 min was significantly higher than that in patients without the above symptoms ;the difference was statistically significant ( P 10.cm ,mixed stones ,stones load > 700mm2 ,staghorn stones ,multiple stones ,and renal dysfunction ( P <00.5) .[Conclusion]There is a risk of residual kidney stones in patients after PCNL surgery .The influencing factors are stone diameter ,stone load ,presence of mixed stones ,staghorn calculi ,multiple stones ,and renal dysfunction .There-fore ,these independent risk factors should be paid more intention to kidney stone patients .