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为了把来自澳洲的野生种比克氏棉(G.bickii)的优良性状导入栽培种,提高植棉的经济效益,山西农业大学棉花育种组将亚洲棉(C.arboreum)与比克氏棉杂交,得到双二倍体,然后用该双二倍体与栽培种陆地棉(C.hirsutum)的单显Ⅱ杂交,获得三种杂种。对杂种F1及其亲本进行了形态学和RAPD分析。形态学观察表明,(亚洲棉×比克氏棉)×单显Ⅱ杂种F1分别具有亚洲棉、比克氏棉和单显Ⅱ的形态特征,其中,趋向于比克氏棉的性状占22.22%,如叶片的色泽等;5.6%的性状趋向于亚洲棉,如花药颜色;16.7%的性状表现为超亲性状,如花瓣的颜色。RAPD结果表明,15个引物对参试材料共扩增出117条DNA带,其中,有85条多态性带,占72.6%;在杂种中均检测到了亲本带与杂种的特异带;利用SAS软件中的类平均法对试验材料进行聚类分析表明,所有的参试材料聚为2大类。形态学观察、RAPD分析结果一致,比克氏棉的性状已被导入到单显Ⅱ中,(亚洲棉×比克氏棉)×单显Ⅱ为真正的三种杂种。
In order to introduce the good traits of G.bickii, a wild species from Australia, into cultivars and improve the economic benefits of cotton planting, the cotton breeding group of Shanxi Agricultural University crossed the hybrids of C. arboreum and Bikinis To obtain double diploids. Then, three hybrids were obtained by crossing the diploid diploid with single Xian Ⅱ of cultivated G. hirsutum. Morphological and RAPD analyzes of hybrid F1 and its parents were carried out. Morphological observation showed that the morphological characteristics of Asian cotton × Bixi Ⅱ hybrid F1 were as follows: Asian cotton, , Such as leaf color; 5.6% of the traits tend to Asian cotton, such as anther color; 16.7% of the traits show super-trait, such as the color of the petals. The results of RAPD showed that a total of 117 DNA bands were amplified by 15 primers, of which 85 were polymorphic bands, accounting for 72.6%. The specific bands of parents and hybrids were detected in hybrids. Clustering analysis of the test materials using the class average method in the software showed that all of the test materials clustered into two broad categories. Morphological observation showed that the results of RAPD analysis were consistent. The traits of Bikinis were introduced into Monaxanthin Ⅱ, (A. xylostella × B. tuberosum × Monochromatic Ⅱ) were the three true hybrids.