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根据2014年5月(春季)、8月(夏季)、11月(秋季)和2015年3月(冬季)对青岛崂山湾四个航次的调查资料,分析了无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(PO_4-P)和化学需氧量(COD)的含量及结构特征,运用单因子指数、富营养化指数和灰色聚类分析等方法评价了该海域富营养化状况。结果表明:DIN为崂山湾的主要污染因子,营养盐及COD浓度近岸略低于湾中部及湾口。夏季航次氮磷营养盐浓度低于其他季节,冬季航次COD浓度略高。全年N/P平均值为68.35,营养结构特征为磷限制。富营养化指数均值为1.34。灰色聚类分析表明,春季Ⅱ级站位比例为92.86%,无Ⅲ级站位;夏季Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级站位比例分别为64.29%和21.43%;秋季Ⅱ级和Ⅲ级站位比例分别为92.86%和7.14%;冬季100%为Ⅱ级站位。灰色聚类分析法适用于海湾富营养化水平评价。
Based on the survey data of four voyages at Laoshan Bay in Qingdao in May 2014 (spring), August (summer), November (autumn) and March 2015 (winter), the effects of inorganic nitrogen (DIN), phosphate PO_4-P) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) content and structural characteristics of the sea area. The eutrophication of the sea area was evaluated by single factor index, eutrophication index and gray cluster analysis. The results showed that DIN was the main pollution factor in Laoshan Bay. Nutrients and COD concentrations in coastal areas were slightly lower than those in central bay and bayou. The nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient concentrations in summer voyage were lower than those in other seasons, and the COD concentration in winter voyage was slightly higher. The annual N / P average was 68.35, and the nutrition structure was characterized by phosphorus limitation. The eutrophication index averages 1.34. Gray cluster analysis showed that the percentage of grade Ⅱ stations in spring was 92.86% with no grade Ⅲ stations; the proportion of grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ in summer was 64.29% and 21.43% respectively; the percentage of grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ in autumn was 92.86% and 7.14%; winter 100% grade Ⅱ station. Gray clustering analysis is suitable for evaluating the eutrophication of the bay.