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根据乌鲁木齐河流域5个气象站近30a的地面气象观测资料.应用1998年FAO最新推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算了各月参考作物蒸散量ETo,在此基础上,分析了ETo的月际和年际变化特征,并探讨了各气候要素和海拔高度与ETo的相关关系。结果表明,乌鲁木齐河流域ETo空间变化较大。从山前冲洪积平原的人工绿洲区到高寒地带的乌鲁木齐河源头ETo多年平均值呈明显递减趋势,平均垂直递减率为17.3mm.(100m)-1;30a来,流域各站的年参考作物蒸散量ETo均呈递减趋势,递减速率为-0.05mm.a-1～-5.21mm.a-1;ETo与平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、空气相对湿度、风速、日照时数、降水量和小型蒸发皿蒸发量均具有较好的相关性;造成近30a乌鲁木齐河流域参考作物蒸散量呈递减趋势的气候原因是:气温、空气相对湿度升高和降水增多以及风速、日照时数减小等气候变化综合作用的结果。
According to the ground meteorological observation data of 5 weather stations in Urumqi river basin in recent 30 years, ETo of each reference crop was calculated using the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by FAO in 1998. On this basis, the monthly and annual ETo In addition, the relationship between ETo and climatic elements and altitude is discussed. The results show that there is a great change of ETo space in the Urumqi river basin. From the artificial alluvial plains of the alluvial plain in front of the alluvial plain to the alpine zone, the mean value of ETo in the headwaters of the Urumqi River decreased significantly with the average vertical decreasing rate of 17.3mm (100m) -1; ETo of crop evapotranspiration showed a decreasing trend with a decreasing rate of -0.05mm.a-1 ~ -5.21mm.a-1; ETo and average temperature, mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature, air relative humidity, wind speed, sunshine duration , Precipitation and pan evaporation have a good correlation; the climate causes of the decreasing trend of reference crop evapotranspiration in the Urumqi River Basin in recent 30 years are as follows: temperature, relative humidity of the air and precipitation increase, wind speed, sunshine time Reduce the number of other climate change results.