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生态学正朝着区域和宏观尺度及定量化方向发展,社会经济发展对生态学研究也提出了新的要求。遥感作为有效技术手段在生态学研究的应用上得到了越来越多的重视。研究遥感的功能与生态学研究中存在的问题,寻求遥感技术与生态学结合切入点,不仅是遥感应用发展的需要,更是解决生态学问题的有益途径。对于非遥感专业的生态学研究人员及从事专业遥感的科研人员来说,生态学和遥感的结合还缺少相关的背景知识介绍。本文从生态学研究的发展趋势、遥感技术的特点,综合论述遥感在生态学研究中的特点、历史发展及未来趋势。本综述主要针对于生态系统尺度以上生态学的研究,具体包括遥感在生态系统环境、生态系统生物组成、生态系统结构、生态系统物质循环和流动及生态系统功能等方面的应用。结合遥感技术的发展,论述了遥感与生态学研究有效结合的组分,同时论述了各套遥感数据在不同方面应用的优缺点,提出了遥感在生态学研究上应用的相关建议。
Ecology is moving towards regional and macro-scale and quantitative direction. Socio-economic development has also put forward new requirements for ecological research. As an effective technical means, remote sensing has drawn more and more attention in the application of ecology research. It is not only the need of remote sensing application but also a useful way to solve the ecological problems by studying the function of remote sensing and ecological problems. For non-remote sensing professional ecological researchers and professional remote sensing researchers, the combination of ecology and remote sensing is still lack of relevant background information. In this paper, from the development trend of ecology research and the characteristics of remote sensing technology, the characteristics, historical development and future trends of remote sensing in ecology research are comprehensively discussed. This review focuses on the ecology at the scale of ecosystems, including the application of remote sensing in ecosystem environment, ecosystem biological composition, ecosystem structure, ecosystem material circulation and ecosystem function. In combination with the development of remote sensing technology, the effective combination of remote sensing and ecological research is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each remote sensing data in different aspects are also discussed. Relevant suggestions on the application of remote sensing in ecology are proposed.