预防接种是指用人工接种的方法给机体输入弱毒、无毒的菌苗、疫苗、类毒素,以刺激机体免疫系统产生免疫应答,从而增强机体抵御病原微生物感染或毒素侵害的能力。预防接种始于人痘接种、牛痘接种到各种疫苗的接种,至今已有几百年的历史。预防接种成效甚大,天花在全世界已被消灭;麻疹、脊髓灰质炎等一些传染病被控制和发病率明显下降,都与免疫接种的推广有关。一、预防接种的原理 Vaccination refers to the use of artificial inoculation method to the body into the weak, non-toxic bacterins, vaccines, toxins to stimulate the body’s immune system to produce immune response, thereby enhancing the body’s ability to resist pathogenic microorganisms or toxins. Vaccination began with vaccination of human pox, vaccination of vaccinia to a variety of vaccines, has been hundreds of years of history. Vaccination has achieved great success. Smallpox has been eliminated in the world. Some infectious diseases such as measles and poliomyelitis have been brought under control and their incidence has dropped markedly, all of which are related to the promotion of immunization. First, the principle of vaccination