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Objective:To explore the effects and the mechanism of Wuwei Dilong Decoction (五味地龙汤 Schisandra Fruit and Earthworm Decoction) for treatment of asthma.Methods:The asthma guinea pig model was established with spray of ovalbumin (OVA).Fifteen days later, the guinea pigs were administered by intra-gastric perfusion of Wuwei Dilong Decoction once a day for 8 consecutive days.Blood samples were taken for testing the total leucocytes, eosinophil (EOS), lymphocytes, interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4).Results:In the asthma model group, the total leucocytes, EOS and lymphocytes were all increased,with significant differences as compared with the different dosage Wuwei Dilong Decoction groups (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).The serum LTB4 in the asthma model group was significantly increased and IFN-γ decreased.After administration of Wuwei Dilong Decoction of the large, medium and small dosages, LTB4 decreased,while IFN-γ increased (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion:Wuwei Dilong Decoction can inhibit infiltration and diffusion of the inflammatory cells in the asthma model guinea pigs, and regulate LTB4 and IFN-γ, which isprobably one of the important mechanisms of Wuwei Dilong Decoction for relieving asthma.