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商业秘密(我国台湾地区称为“营业秘密”)作为生产力发展、生产数据私有的产物,在中国出现较早。我国古代之所谓“祖传秘方”、“家传绝技”等相关概念,可称作是古代的商业秘密。“无救济则无权利”。商业秘密产生之后,商业秘密的保护制度必然辅以出现。现代的商业秘密保护制度,最早可以溯源至十九世纪工业革命时期,英国平准法院通过一项判决以保护商业秘密,此后美国亦效法,以判例的方式在法律上保护商业秘密;随着工业革命的进一步深入,商业秘密保护的重要性也开始显现,各国纷纷开始通过法律构建商业秘密保护体系。我国自2001年加入WTO后,经济发展迅速,为了适应经济全球化的趋势,我国亦愈加重视商业秘密权所有者的权益保护。近年来学界关于商业秘密保护制度建立与完善的讨论尤甚,对于商业秘密究竟是一种利益还是一项权利,我国台湾学界仍然有争论,但是“随着商业秘密在市场竞争中被商品化、价值化,逐渐走出个体经济的狭小圈子,其保护不再是简单的秘密嫡系转让,所以应该承认商业秘密权是一项新的知识产权。”(1)本文以商业秘密权展开,从其主体、客体、侵害行为的认定以及保护与救济等方面为着眼点,比较分析两岸商业秘密保护制度之异同,以期达到检讨与立法借鉴的目的。
Trade secrets (referred to as “sales secrets ” in Taiwan of our country) appear as a privately-owned product of the development of productive forces and production data earlier in China. The ancient Chinese so-called “ancestral secret ”, “family skills ” and other related concepts, can be called the ancient commercial secrets. “No remedy without rights ”. After the commercial secrets are produced, the protection system of commercial secrets inevitably complements them. Modern commercial secrets protection system can be traced back to the nineteenth century during the industrial revolution, the British Bench Press passed a verdict to protect trade secrets, then the United States also follows the example of the legal protection of trade secrets by means of jurisprudence; with the industrial The further development of the revolution, the importance of the protection of trade secrets have begun to emerge, all countries have begun to establish legal protection of trade secrets system. Since China joined the WTO in 2001, its economy has developed rapidly. In order to adapt to the trend of economic globalization, our country also places more emphasis on the protection of the rights and interests of the owners of commercial secrets. In recent years, academic circles on the establishment and improvement of commercial secrets protection system is particularly debated, whether commercial secrets is a kind of interest or a right, and our academic circles in Taiwan are still debated. However, “as commercial secrets are marketed in the marketplace , Value, gradually out of the narrow circle of individual economy, the protection is no longer a simple secret transfer, it should be admitted that the right to trade secret is a new intellectual property rights. ”(1) Its subject, object, infringement and protection and remedy, and compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between the commercial secrets protection system of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait in order to reach the goal of review and legislation reference.