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人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus,HCMV)在人群中感染率极高,通过多种免疫逃避机制,实现在宿主体内的长期潜伏感染。树突状细胞(dendritic cells,DC)是重要的抗原提呈细胞,在诱导和维持特异性免疫应答中发挥重要的作用。人体内的DC根据来源、表型分为两群:髓系DC(myeloid DC,mDC)和浆细胞样DC(plasmacytoid DC,pDC),大量研究证实HCMV介导的多种免疫逃避机制中,部分是通过影响DC功能实现的。HCMV不仅可以感染mDC,影响mDC表型、迁移、分泌细胞因子、激活T细胞功能,而且还可以抑制pDC分泌干扰素水平及激活T细胞能力,并且激活过度的B细胞反应,导致机体抗病毒细胞免疫反应的抑制和体液免疫紊乱,实现病毒长期潜伏感染。本文主要讨论HCMV是如何改变两种DC亚型的功能以实现免疫逃避目的。
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a very high infection rate in the human population and can achieve long-term latent infection in the host through a variety of immune evasion mechanisms. Dendritic cells (DCs) are important antigen-presenting cells that play an important role in inducing and maintaining specific immune responses. According to the sources and phenotypes of DC in human body, the phenotypes are divided into two groups: myeloid DC (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC). A large number of studies confirm that HCMV-mediated multiple immune evasion mechanisms, part By affecting the DC function to achieve. HCMV can not only infect mDC, affect mDC phenotype, migrate, secrete cytokines, activate T cell function, but also inhibit pDC secretion of interferon level and activate T cell capacity, and activate excessive B cell response, resulting in the body antiviral cells Suppression of immune response and humoral immune disorders, the virus long-term latent infection. This article focuses on how HCMV alters the function of both DC subtypes to achieve immune evasion.