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原油是多种碳氢化合物的混合物,其中的轻组分具有很强的挥发性,在原油的集输过程中,由于受到工艺技术及设备的限制,不可避免会有一部分较轻的液态组分汽化,逸入大气,造成不可回收的损失,这种现象称为油品的蒸发损耗。油品蒸发损耗量的大小常常被计量误差所掩盖,因而不易引起人们的注意。但是典型调查资料表明,油品蒸发损耗的累计数量是十分惊人的。根据1995年第四届国际石油会议报导,在美国油品从井场经炼制加工到成品销售过程中,油品损耗的数量约占原油产量的3%,1997年,前苏联工业部所属企业调查表明,炼厂中的油品损耗量约占原油加工量的2.47%,其中纯损耗的70%是发生于原油罐,调和罐和成品罐的蒸发损耗。1980年,我国对11个主要油田的测试结果表明,从井口开始到矿场原油库,矿场油品损耗32%。以上数据表明,油品蒸发损耗的数量是相当可观的。近几年油田在原油集输过程中采用了密闭输油流程,储油罐由原来的拱顶油罐改为浮顶油罐,大大地降低了蒸发损耗,但是如何更加有效地降低油品蒸发损耗,一直是石油储运专业人员需要研究和解决的一个重要课题。
Crude oil is a mixture of a variety of hydrocarbons, of which the light component has a strong volatility in the crude oil gathering process, due to process technology and equipment constraints, there will inevitably be a part of the lighter liquid components Vaporized, escape into the atmosphere, causing irreparable damage, a phenomenon known as evaporation loss of oil. Oil evaporation loss size is often overshadowed by measurement errors, which is not easy to draw the attention of people. However, typical survey data show that the cumulative amount of oil evaporation loss is very alarming. According to the report of the 4th International Petroleum Conference in 1995, oil loss accounted for about 3% of crude oil production in the process of oil refining from the well site to the sales of finished products. In 1997, the former Soviet Union-owned enterprises According to the survey, the oil loss in the refinery accounts for about 2.47% of the crude oil processing volume, of which 70% of the pure loss is the evaporation loss occurring in the crude oil tank, the blending tank and the finished product tank. In 1980, the test results of 11 major oilfields in China showed that 32% of the oil loss from the wellhead to the crude oil depot of the mine and the mine was lost. The above data show that the amount of oil evaporation loss is considerable. In recent years, the oilfield has adopted a closed oil transportation process during the collection and transportation of crude oil. The storage tank has been changed from the original vault tank to a floating roof tank, which greatly reduces the evaporation loss. However, how to reduce the evaporation of oil more effectively Loss, has always been an important issue that oil storage and transportation professionals need to study and solve.