论文部分内容阅读
马克思社会发展理论是一个“艺术整体”,既包括五种社会形态“依次演进”的理论,又包括社会“跨越”发展的理论。前者,是从整个人类历史中抽象出来的人类历史发展的“类规律”;后者,则是通过对一定民族或国家的具体国情和历史环境的具体分析得出的,它是人类历史发展的“个体道路”。二者虽然有着内在联系,但是两个不同的问题。人类发展的“类规律”是宏观的,好像是一种参考系,成为人们观察、研究社会发展的依据;“个体道路”是微观的,这要通过具体国情和历史环境的研究来把握或理解。本文依据马克思的《人类学笔记》、《历史学笔记》,具体探讨了人类历史的“类规律”。
Marx’s theory of social development is an “art whole”, which includes not only the theory of “successive evolvement” of five social forms, but also the theory of “leapfrogging” development of the society. The former is a “generic law” of the historical development of mankind abstracted from the entire history of mankind. The latter is derived from a concrete analysis of the specific national conditions and historical circumstances of a certain nation or country. It is a historical development of mankind “Individual roads.” Although the two have an inherent relationship, but two different issues. The “class rules” of human development are macroscopic and seem to be a kind of reference system, becoming the basis for people to observe and study social development. “Individual road” is microscopic, which must be grasped or understood through the study of specific national conditions and historical circumstances . Based on Marx’s Notes on Anthropology and Notes on History, this article specifically explores the “class rules” of human history.