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美国在19世纪末取得世界头号工业强国地位之前对外国直接投资采取了歧视甚至憎恨的态度,外国投资的绝大部分都被限定在购买债券上。美国以及其他国家的历史经验都说明,当一国经济在没有迈入发达经济门槛之前,大量的外国直接投资虽然可以导致一国的短暂繁荣,但对该国的长期发展却是非常有害的。迄今为止,一国经济的崛起与是否利用外国直接投资没有任何关联;反而,那些试图依靠外国直接投资实现经济发展的国家最终都陷入了依附型经济的悲惨命运。这种历史经验和教训值得我们对大规模引进外国直接投资的政策进行反思。
Before the United States gained its position as the world’s number 1 industrial powerhouse by the end of the 19th century, the United States took a discriminatory and even hateful attitude toward foreign direct investment. The vast majority of foreign investment was restricted to the purchase of bonds. The historical experience of the United States and other countries shows that before a country’s economy fails to reach the threshold of a developed economy, a large amount of foreign direct investment, though it can lead to a temporary boom in a country, can be very detrimental to the country’s long-term development. So far, the rise of a country’s economy has nothing to do with the use of foreign direct investment; instead, those countries that seek to rely on foreign direct investment for economic development have finally fallen into the tragic fate of dependent economies. This historical experience and lessons deserve our reflection on the policy of introducing large-scale foreign direct investment.