[重点指津]本专题主要包括地主阶级抵抗派、洋务派、农民阶级、资产阶级的抗争和探索活动.洋务派、农民阶级和资产阶级的思想主张及实践活动是本专题的重点.对《天朝田亩制度》、洋务运动和三民主义的评价.以及对太平天国运动、辛亥革命的特点、功绩、教训的分析等是本专题的难点.学习抗争史,一要了解抗争的特点,二要认识它的发展过程,三要注意运用马克思主义: [emphasis on this topic] This topic mainly includes the resistance and exploration activities of landlord class resistance groups, the Westernization School, the peasant class, and the bourgeoisie. The ideology and practical activities of the Westernization School, the peasantry and the bourgeoisie are the focus of this topic. The evaluation of the Heavenly Field System, the Westernization Movement and the Three People’s Principles, and the analysis of the characteristics of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Revolution of 1911, merits, and lessons learned are the difficulties of this topic. To learn the history of resistance, we must first understand the characteristics of the struggle, and second, we must understand it. In the development process, we must pay attention to the use of Marxism: