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目的探讨三氯乙烯(TCE)致作业人群外周血淋巴细胞染色体损伤的作用。方法以91名TCE暴露工人和59名对照作为研究对象,调查职业史、年龄、性别、吸烟和饮酒等信息。收集班后尿,测定尿中三氯乙酸(TCA)水平反映TCE暴露内剂量。抽取肘静脉血,胞质分裂阻滞微核法制备外周血淋巴细胞涂片,计数微核、核质桥和核芽发生率,评价染色体损伤水平。结果两组研究对象在年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒状况等方面均无显著性差异。暴露组平均TCE作业工龄为1.8年。暴露组尿中TCA水平为57.5mg/L,远远高于对照组0.9mg/L。两组研究对象的微核率及核质桥率无显著差异,但暴露组核芽率[(1.6±1.0)‰]显著高于对照组[(1.2±0.8)‰,P=0.05]。核芽率的升高在尿TCA≥50.0 mg/L组和TCE作业工龄≥1.8年组中表现更为明显。同时,尿TCA≥50.0 mg/L的工人,其微核率[(1.8±0.9)‰]也显著高于对照组[(1.4±0.7)‰,P=0.05]。未发现年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒对微核率、核质桥率、核芽率的显著影响。结论 TCE暴露可致作业工人染色体损伤增加,核芽可以较为敏感的检出由TCE职业暴露所引发的基因组不稳定性。
Objective To investigate the effect of trichlorethylene (TCE) on the chromosome damage of peripheral blood lymphocytes in workers. Methods A total of 91 TCE exposed workers and 59 controls were investigated. Occupational history, age, gender, smoking and drinking were investigated. Tail urine was collected and the level of TCA in the urine was measured to reflect the internal dose of TCE exposure. The elbow venous blood was extracted and the peripheral blood lymphocyte smear was prepared by micronuclei method of cytokinesis block. The incidence of micronuclei, nuclear cybrids and nuclear buds were counted to evaluate the level of chromosomal damage. Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, sex, smoking, drinking status and so on. The average TCE job length in exposed group was 1.8 years. Urinary TCA exposure level was 57.5mg / L, much higher than the control group 0.9mg / L. There was no significant difference in micronucleus rate and nucleus rate between the two groups, but the rate of [(1.6 ± 1.0) ‰] in the exposed group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(1.2 ± 0.8) ‰, P = 0.05]. The rate of nuclear sprouting increased more significantly in urine TCA≥50.0 mg / L group and TCE working age≥ 1.8 years group. At the same time, the micronucleus rate was significantly higher in urine TCA≥50.0 mg / L [(1.8 ± 0.9) ‰] [(1.4 ± 0.7) ‰, P = 0.05]. No significant effects of age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption on micronucleus rate, nuclear cybrid bridge rate, and nuclear bud rate were found. Conclusion Exposure to TCE may lead to increased chromosome damage in workers and nuclear buds may be more sensitive in detecting genomic instability caused by occupational exposure to TCE.