尽管外科手术一直都是治疗直肠癌的主要手段,但单纯的手术疗法效果不尽人意。近年来,术前放、化疗在中低位直肠癌治疗中的作用已经在越来越多的临床实践中得到验证。新辅助疗法的引入,在降低肿瘤局部复发率、提高保肛率、延长病人的生存时间等方面均取得了明显进步。1术前放化 Although surgery has always been the primary treatment for rectal cancer, simple surgeries are less than optimal. In recent years, the role of preoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of low and middle rectal cancer has been verified in more and more clinical practice. The introduction of neoadjuvant therapy has made significant progress in reducing the local recurrence rate of the tumor, increasing the rate of anal sphincter preservation and prolonging the survival time of patients. 1 preoperative radiotherapy