苹果黑星病是世界各苹果产区的重要病害之一,也是我国渭北旱塬苹果产区的新病害。近5年调查研究证明,渭北旱塬苹果落叶上分生孢子数量随时间推移呈急剧下降趋势,在春季苹果芽鳞萌动之前,分生孢子呈无色透明薄片状,均已失去存活力,芽鳞内外检测到分生孢子的数量很少,且均已丧失萌发力。果园中孢子捕捉结果表明,子囊孢子出现在先,分生孢子在后,两者出现时间相差15d以上,且捕捉到分生孢子的日期是在黑星病发病以后。对洛川县、白水县、长武县、永寿县、泾川县和平凉市等地苹果黑星病普查中未发现发病枝条,以菌丝体在枝条上越冬的可能性极小。综合以上试验结果,初步确定子囊孢子是渭北旱塬苹果黑星病的初侵来染,分生孢子不能越冬。 Apple scab is one of the most important diseases in apple producing areas around the world and is also a new disease in the apple producing areas in Weibei arid highland. In the past five years, investigation shows that the number of conidia on apple leaves declines sharply with the passage of time in the Weibei dry highland. Before the sprout of apple buds in spring, the conidia are colorless and transparent flakes, which have lost their viability. The amount of conidia detected inside and outside the buds is very small, and have lost the germination force. The orchard spore capture results show that the ascospores appear in the first, the conidia in the later, the difference between the two appeared more than 15d, and capture the conidia of the date is in the incidence of scab. No incidence of branches was found in the screening of apple scab in Luochuan County, Baishui County, Changwu County, Yongshou County, Jingchuan County and Pingliang City, and the possibility of overwintering mycelium on branches was extremely small. Based on the above test results, it was initially determined that the ascospore was the primary invasion of apple scab in Weibei dry plateau and the conidia could not wintering.