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自50年代以来,长江中下游地区二棱大麦品种更替中,品种的产量平均每10年提高9.2％,但生物产量并没有增加,籽粒产量的增加主要是收获指数从0.31～0.35提高到0.44的结果。品种更替中,品种的有效穗数和分蘖成穗率增加,氮素吸收能力增强,并能更有效地运转到籽粒中去。但每穗实粒数和单穗粒重下降。早期品种对氮肥反应敏感,利用氮素较经济;近期品种的耐肥性较强。品种对氮肥的反应与其硝酸还原酶的活力有关。最后讨论了该地区今后大麦高产育种的努力方向。
Since the 1950s, in the replacement of two-rowed barley in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the yield of varieties increased by 9.2% every 10 years on average, but the biological yield did not increase. The increase of grain yield was mainly due to the increase of harvest index from 0.31 ~ 0.35 to 0.44 result. In variety alternation, the effective panicle number and the tillering rate of varieties increased, and the nitrogen absorption ability was enhanced, and could run to the grain more effectively. However, the number of grains per panicle and grain weight per ear decreased. Early varieties are sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen use more economical; recent varieties of strong resistance. The response of cultivars to nitrogen fertilizer is related to the activity of nitrate reductase. Finally, the direction of efforts for high-yield barley breeding in the area is discussed.