In order to understand the impact of demographic structure on paddy and forestland management after the convening of the Third Plenary Session of the 11"1 CPC (Communist Party of China) Central Committee and the implementation of the Household Responsibility System (the govement divided up land among peasants for cultivating and the peasants sell a set part of their produced goods to the govement at stipulated prices by contract in the countryside of China), 147 households in 6 villages, belonging to Xiangtan County and Zhuzhou County in Hunan Province, were selected as research samples, and interview, questionnaire survey and second hand data analyzing were used as the methods. The results showed: Persons with different ages had different ideas, and young peasants would like to work in towns or cities for more income, so they used and depended on land less; In terms of sex, the male was still the main user of land, and therefore the ability, idea and activity of male played an important role in land management; Generally, the labors with better educational background grasped more knowledge and technologies, and they had more opportunity to get jobs and had better working condition and more income in town or cities, so they depended on and used land less.