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水压致裂技术作为原地应力测量普遍采用的一种方法,近年来得到了长足发展。原本该方法只能进行水平主应力的测量,现已发展为广泛应用的三维原地应力测量方法。尤其是在诸如抽水蓄能电站的高压输水隧洞、气垫调压室等承压洞室工程中,在工程利用深度域的各种岩性结构层段上,采用水压致裂技术进行梯级增压测试,便可给出围岩自身承载能力的评价结果,由此为工程的科学设计提供可靠的依据。同时,由于岩体透水性是工程地质不可或缺的一项勘测内容,而低压下不透水的岩层在高压力作用下往往漏水,因此采用水压致裂技术进行高压压水测试,就可以给出工程运行条件下岩体透水性的可靠测试结果。本文仅就水压致裂测试技术的主要发展及其应用做一简介。
As a commonly used method of in situ stress measurement, hydraulic fracturing technology has made great strides in recent years. The original method can only be measured horizontal principal stress has been developed for the widely used three-dimensional in situ stress measurement. Especially in high pressure water tunnels such as pumped storage power stations, air-cushion surge chambers and other pressure-bearing caverns, various layers of lithologic structures in the depth of engineering utilization are used to carry out cascade increases by hydraulic fracturing Under the pressure test, the evaluation result of the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock itself can be given, thus providing a reliable basis for the scientific design of the project. At the same time, since the permeability of rock mass is an indispensable survey item in engineering geology, and the impervious rock under low pressure often leaks under the action of high pressure, so using the hydraulic fracturing technology to test the high pressure water pressure can give A reliable test result of rock mass permeability under engineering operation conditions. This article only makes a brief introduction of the main development and application of hydraulic fracturing test technology.