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目的 分析中国城市职业人群职业紧张现状及其影响因素.方法 于2015年3-10月,采用分层整群抽样方法,从北京、厦门、泉州和呼和浩特4个城市共五类工作场所中抽取18～65岁的职工进行问卷调查.结果 有效调查3 553人,平均年龄为(34.2±9.7)岁;职业紧张程度高者占62.3 ％(2 213/3 553);不同职业类型人群中职业紧张程度高者所占比例差异有统计学意义(x2=100.19,P＜0.01);不同性别、年龄、文化程度、职业类型、收入、户籍、职业阶层、合同类型、轮班情况和工作性质分组间工作要求评分差异均有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05);不同年龄、文化程度、职业类型、婚姻状况、户籍、职业阶层和工作性质分组间自主程度评分差异均有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.05);不同年龄、文化程度、职业类型、收入、户籍、职业阶层、合同类型、工作时长和工作性质分组间社会支持评分差异均有统计学意义(均P＜ 0.01);logistic回归分析表明,女性(OR=1.20,95％ CI=1.03 ～ 1.38)、本科/大专学历(OR=2.14,95％ CI=1.73 ～ 2.65)、从事行政管理(OR=1.37,95％CI=1.09～ 1.71)、日工作时间＞8h(OR=l.24,95％CI=1.06～ 1.47)以及面临不良工作性质(OR=1.48,95％CI=1.28 ～ 1.71)的职工更有可能出现职业紧张.结论 研究人群职业紧张程度较高,性别、文化程度、职业阶层、工作时间和不良工作性质是其主要影响因素,应从个体水平和组织水平开展干预,降低职业紧张水平.“,”Objective To analyze occupational stress and its influencing factors among working populations in urban China.Methods Employees aged 18-65 years were selected from 5 types of workplaces in Beijing,Xiamen,Quanzhou and Hohhot using stratified cluster sampling and surveyed with a questionnaire between March and October 2015.Results For the 3 553 employees with valid responses,the average age was 34.2 ± 9.7 years;62.3 ％ (2 213/3 553) of the participants had high degree of occupational stress,and there was a significant difference in the proportions of the occupational stress among the participants from the 5 types of workplace (x2 =100.19,P ＜ 0.01).The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there were significant differences in job demand scores among the employees categorized by gender,age,education,job type,income,household registration,occupational group,type of contract,work shift,and working condition (all P ＜ 0.05);there were significant differences in job control scores among employees categorized by age,education,job type,marital status,household registration,occupational group,and working condition (all P ＜ 0.05);and there were significant differences in social support scores among employees categorized by age,education,job type,income,household registration,occupational group,type of contract,working hours,and working condition (all P ＜ 0.05).Logistic regression analysis indicated that employees who were female (odds ratio [OR] =1.20,95 ％ confidence interval [95 ％ CI:1.03-1.38),with education of college and above (OR =2.14,95 ％ CI:1.73-2.65),being a administrator (OR =1.37,95 ％ CI:1.09-1.71),having working hours of＞ 8 hours/per day (OR =1.24,95 ％ CI:1.06-1.47),and experiencing unfavorable working condition (OR =1.48,95 ％ CI:1.28-1.71) were more likely to have occupational stress.Conclusion The occupational stress is high and mainly influenced by gender,education,occupational group,working hours,and unfavorable working condition among urban working population in China.Interventions should be taken on individual and organizational level to reduce the occupational stress.