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商品有机肥是化肥的重要替代品。目前我国商品有机肥主要采用重量计量的方式进行出售。由于商品有机肥原料来源广泛,且经加工以后难以辨别,因而给商品有机肥的掺假造假提供了可乘之机。本文通过颗粒度、含水率和测定方式等影响商品有机肥容重测定因素的筛选和优化,建立了商品有机肥容重测定的方法。运用该方法对商品有机肥生产3类主要畜禽粪原料、常见8类辅料及污泥和土壤的容重进行测定,结果表明,不同物料容重之间存在差异性,而有机肥的容重与原料组成相关,且与添加量存在显著线性关系。在明确原料组成的情况下,有机肥容重测定可用于判断其真实性。土壤和污泥等容重显著高于木屑、菇渣、大糠等常规有机肥生产辅料,成为有机肥掺假的重要驱动因子。测定浙江省96个商品有机肥样品容重,结果均值为0.526 g·cm~(-3),对其中11个容重>0.700 g·cm~(-3)的有机肥样品和4个容重>0.45 g·cm~(-3)的牛粪有机肥样品进行筛分鉴别,均发现掺入了大量泥土、砂石等杂质,存在明显掺假行为,证实了容重在有机肥掺假行为鉴别中具有一定的可行性。
Commodity organic fertilizer is an important alternative to fertilizers. At present, China’s commercial organic fertilizer is mainly sold by way of weight measurement. Because of the wide range of sources of organic fertilizer raw materials, and difficult to distinguish after processing, thus giving the commercial organic fertilizer adulteration and fraud provides an opportunity. This article through the particle size, moisture content and measurement methods and other factors affecting the screening of commercial organic fertilizer weight and optimization factors, established a method for determination of commercial organic fertilizer bulk density. The method was used to determine the bulk density of three types of livestock and poultry manure, common 8 kinds of auxiliary materials and sludge and soil in the production of commercial organic fertilizer. The results showed that the differences of bulk density of different materials were different, Related, and there is a significant linear relationship with the amount of addition. In the case of a clear composition of raw materials, organic fertilizer weight determination can be used to determine its authenticity. Bulk density of soils and sludge was significantly higher than conventional organic fertilizer production materials such as sawdust, mushroom residue and chaff, which became an important driving factor for adulteration of organic fertilizer. The average weight of 96 organic fertilizer samples in Zhejiang Province was 0.526 g · cm ~ (-3). Eleven organic fertilizer samples with bulk density> 0.700 g · cm ~ (-3) and four organic fertilizer samples with bulk density> 0.45 g · Cm ~ (-3) manure organic fertilizer samples were screened, found that incorporation of a large amount of soil, gravel and other impurities, there is a significant adulteration behavior, confirmed the bulk density of organic fertilizer adulteration behavior has certain identification Feasibility.