为了保护含煤地区内正在使用的和设计的房屋,目前苏联急需解决的问题是: 1、在用不同采煤方法开采缓倾斜、倾斜和急倾斜煤层时,确定塌坑形成的条件。塌坑的形成决定着在含煤地区的煤层露头区域内建筑的可能性。 2、深部开采缓倾斜、倾斜和急倾斜煤层群时,为了保护已建和在建房屋而选择最佳措施,预计地表移动和变形并考虑台阶的形成。 3、在构造断裂影响区和褶皱的轴面区采煤时,为了在现有建筑物和正在设计的建筑物下合理地布置开采作业,预计地表移动和变形。 In order to protect the houses being used and designed in coal-bearing areas, the problems currently urgently needed to be solved in the Soviet Union are as follows: 1. The conditions for the formation of collapse pits are determined when mining gently inclined, inclined and steep coal seams with different mining methods. The formation of collapse pit determines the possibility of building in the outcrop of coal seam in coal-bearing area. 2. For the deep mining of gently inclined, inclined and steep coal seams, the surface movement and deformation are expected to take into account the formation of steps in order to select the best measures to protect the existing and under construction. 3. In the mining of coal in the axial zone where the zone of influence of the fracture and the folds are constructed, the surface movement and deformation are expected in order to arrange the mining operations reasonably in the existing building and the building under design.