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甲午战争中国的战败,标志着中国近代洋务运动的失败。但是,也正是甲午战争的失败逼使沉睡的中国觉醒。中国从此开始了救亡图存的自强运动。西方把日本近代化中的出色表现归之于日本文化的开放性,善于学习和摄取外来文化,这种解释是以“富国强兵”的价值观和单纯的经济增长作为评估的基准的。1938年,胡适在他用英文发表的《中国与日本的现代化运动——文化冲突的比较研究》一文中提出了深刻的见解。他认为,日本式的现代化处在统治阶级的中央集权的控制之下,“它是有秩序的、精打细算的、连续性的、稳定的、有效率的
The defeat of China during the Sino-Japanese War marks the failure of the modern Westernization Movement in China. However, it is exactly the failure of the Sino-Japanese War that forced the awakening of China to awaken. Since then, China began the self-improvement movement that saved the nation from salvation. The West attributed the outstanding performance of Japan’s modernization to the openness of Japanese culture and good at learning and ingestion of foreign cultures. This interpretation is based on the values of ”prosperity for all“ and simple economic growth. In 1938, Hu Shih put forward profound insights in his article entitled ”The Modernization of China and Japan: A Comparative Study of Cultural Conflicts“ published in English. In his opinion, Japanese-style modernization is under the control of the ruling class’s centralization, ”and" it is orderly, budget-conscious, continuous, stable and efficient