目的了解上岗前工人健康状况,为进一步开展职业健康监护工作和针对性地采取预防措施提供科学依据。方法对随州市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治所体检中心2015—2016年接触职业病有害因素作业的2 236例上岗前工人体格检查资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2 236名上岗前工人检出高血压514人(22.99%),肝功能异常332人(14.85%),血常规异常258人(11.54%),尿常规异常205人(9.17%),高仟伏X线胸片异常143人(6.40%),心电图异常97人(4.34%),肝脏B超异常55人(2.46%),肺功能异常29人(1.33%),电测听异常61人(26.87%),并发现粉尘、苯系物和噪声职业禁忌证。高血压、血常规、肝脏B超、高仟伏X线胸片、电测听和肺功能异常检出率在上岗前有无接触有害因素的人群间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高血压、心电图、血尿常规、肝功能、高仟伏X线胸片和电测听异常检出率在不同年龄组中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而在1 247名上岗前有接触职业有害因素的工人中,高血压、心电图、血常规和高仟伏X线胸片异常检出率在不同年龄组中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论上岗前工人常见异常情况位居前5位的依次是高血压、肝功能异常、血常规异常、尿常规异常、高仟伏X线胸片,高血压、肺结核是严重危害随州市工矿企业上岗前职工主要疾病,发现上岗前职业禁忌证主要以粉尘、苯系物和噪声为主,应采取积极有效干预措施。 Objective To understand the health status of pre-job workers and provide scientific basis for further carrying out occupational health monitoring and targeted prevention measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the physical examination data of 2 236 pre-job workers who were exposed to occupational disease hazards during the 2015-2016 examination center of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Center of Suizhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Results Among the 2 236 pre-job workers, 514 (22.99%) were hypertension, 332 (14.85%) had abnormal liver function, 258 (11.54%) were abnormal blood tests, 205 (9.17%) were urinary abnormalities, There were 143 (6.4%) cases of X-ray abnormalities, 97 (4.34%) with abnormal electrocardiogram, 55 (2.46%) patients with liver abnormalities, 29 (1.33%) with abnormal lung function, 61 26.87%), and found that occupational dust, benzene and noise contraindications. Hypertension, blood routine, liver B ultrasound, high-kV chest X-ray, electrical audiometry and pulmonary function abnormalities detection rate in pre-employment with or without contact with harmful factors in the crowd, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05 ). Hypertension, electrocardiogram, hematuria, liver function, high-kV chest X-ray and electric audiometry abnormality detection rate in different age groups were significantly different (P <0.05); while in the 1,247 posts before Among workers exposed to occupational hazards, the detection rates of abnormalities of hypertension, electrocardiogram, blood and high-kV chest radiographs were significantly different in different age groups (P <0.05). Conclusion The most common anomalies of workers before induction are hypertension, abnormal liver function, abnormal blood and urine abnormalities, high X-ray chest X-ray, high blood pressure and tuberculosis are the serious hazards to Suizhou industrial and mining enterprises Former workers major diseases, found pre-job occupational contraindications mainly dust, benzene and noise-based, should take active and effective interventions.