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1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus，T1DM)和乳糜泻(celiac disease，CD)都是在环境因素参与下、遗传易感个体发生的自身免疫性疾病，与一般人群相比，T1DM儿童青少年CD的患病率明显升高。T1DM合并CD的儿童青少年大多缺乏典型CD症状，容易漏诊或误诊，延误治疗；更易出现低血糖和血糖控制不良，增加慢性并发症风险，严重影响生活质量。T1DM儿童青少年筛查CD势在必行，抗组织型谷氨酰胺转移酶抗体(tissue transglutaminase autoantibody，tTG-Ab)是2岁以上儿童青少年筛查CD的首选指标，其敏感性和特异性分别为95%～100%和94%～100%。低碳水化合物饮食结合无麸质饮食(gluten-free diet，GFD)仍然是T1DM合并CD儿童青少年的首选治疗措施之一。“,”Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM), which is an autoimmune disease, mostly affect people with hereditary susceptibility under the joint participation of environmental factors.It is known to coexist with other autoimmune disorders such as celiac disease(CD). The prevalence of CD is higher in patients with type 1 diabetes compared with the general population.Most patients affected with both T1DM and CD are atypical for CD at diagnosis, and may be misdiagnosed and subsequently suffered from the delayed treatment.These patients are more likely to develop symptomatic hypoglycemia, or poor blood glucose control, leading to an increased risk of chronic complications and seriously affecting the quality of their life.Thus, screening for CD is recommended in patients with T1DM.Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody is the preferred biomarker for CD screening in children and adolescents over 2 years of age, with a sensitivity of 95% to 100% and a specificity of 94% to 100%.And a low-carbohydrate diet is often combined with a gluten-free diet.