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采用显微实验与理论分析相结合的方法,对直流电场作用下水滴破裂前的拉伸过程及其时间特征进行了系统研究。结果表明,电毛细数和表面活性剂浓度是影响水滴拉伸过程的关键因素,而油水黏度比和电导率比的影响并不显著。拉伸时间对低电毛细数和高表面活性剂浓度体系更为敏感。在实验范围内,直流电场作用下球形水滴经拉伸并破裂的最小时间为10 ms。基于此,提出了一种可有效提高水滴静电聚并效率并抑制电分散现象的脉冲电场设计方法。
The microscopic experiment and theoretical analysis were used to systematically study the stretching process and the time characteristics before droplet breaking under DC electric field. The results show that the electric capillary number and the surfactant concentration are the key factors affecting the droplet drawing process, while the oil-water viscosity ratio and the conductivity ratio are not significant. Stretching time is more sensitive to systems with lower electrical capillary numbers and higher surfactant concentrations. In the experimental range, the minimum time for the spherical water droplets to stretch and rupture under DC electric field is 10 ms. Based on this, a pulse electric field design method that can effectively improve the electrostatic coalescence efficiency of water droplets and suppress the electric dispersion phenomenon is proposed.