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近些年来,史学界出现过多次关于中国近代史基本线索的讨论。由于中国近代历史进程本身的复杂性,也由于研究者各自看问题的角度不同,在基本线索问题上提出各种见解,当属正常现象,是史学研究日趋活跃的表现。笔者认为,近代中国从1840年鸦片战争以来,由于帝国主义的侵略,一方面使独立的中国向着半殖民地和殖民地演变,日益激化着中国民族与帝国主义的矛盾和人民大众与封建主义的矛盾;另一方面又使封建的中国向着半封建社会演变,从70年代起,由于封建自然经济的日趋解体,产生了同帝国主义和封建主义相矛盾的民族资本主义经济。近代中国社会这一演变趋势和由此产生的政治、经济的基本矛盾运动,
In recent years, historians have appeared many times on the basic clues to the discussion of modern Chinese history. Because of the complexity of the history of modern China itself, and due to the different perspectives of the researchers looking at the issues, putting forward various opinions on the basic clues as a normal phenomenon is an increasingly active manifestation of the study of history. In the author’s opinion, since the Opium War in 1840, modern China, on the one hand, evolved its independent China toward semi-colonies and colonies on the other due to imperialist aggression and intensified the contradictions between the Chinese nation and imperialism and between the masses and feudalism; On the other hand, the feudal China evolved into a semi-feudal society. Since the 1970s, due to the gradual dissolution of the feudal natural economy, a national capitalist economy contradicting imperialism and feudalism has emerged. The evolutionary trend of modern Chinese society and the resulting political and economic fundamental contradictions and movements,