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耐烧蚀材料在国防工业上有十分重要的应用价值,碳化型烧蚀材料是利用高分子材料在高温碳化吸热量的材料。树脂基烧蚀材料一般要求具有高相对分子质量、高芳基化、高交联密度、高C/O比,以使材料烧蚀后成碳率高。材料的烧蚀率与成碳率成反比关系,树脂的成碳率越高,其耐烧蚀性能越好。材料的成碳率高低由树脂的化学结构决定。目前烧蚀材料的研究方向是:成碳率高、比热大、热导率小、密度小、碳化层强度高、热分解温度高的材料。综述了改性酚醛树脂:酚三嗪树脂、硼酚醛树脂及聚芳基乙炔树脂的合成、烧蚀性能、高成碳率的研究近况,并对今后烧蚀材料的研究作了展望。
Anti-ablative materials in the defense industry has a very important value, carbonized ablative material is the use of polymer materials in high-temperature carbonization heat absorption of materials. Resin-based ablative materials are generally required to have high relative molecular mass, high arylation, high cross-linking density, and high C / O ratios, resulting in a high carbon rate after ablation of the material. The ablation rate of the material is inversely proportional to the carbon formation rate. The higher the carbon formation rate of the resin, the better the ablation resistance. The carbon content of the material is determined by the chemical structure of the resin. At present, the research direction of ablative material is: high carbon content, large specific heat, small thermal conductivity, low density, high strength carbide layer, high thermal decomposition temperature of the material. In this paper, the recent progress in the synthesis, ablation and carbon formation of modified phenolic resins: phenolic triazine, boron phenolic and polyarylacetylene resins is reviewed. The prospect of ablative materials in the future is also discussed.