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在基于近代以来哲学上是与应当、事实与价值二分的知识传统的法律适用模式中,法官只须严格以法律要件涵摄事实。然而,三段论的大前提和小前提往往并不表现为既定的因素,而是需要人去认真探索和发现。在裁判中,法官的目光将在事实与法律规范的相关部分之间来回穿梭。这构成了法律适用的普遍特征,也对法律论证具有重要的理论意义:它凸显出法律决定是一个双向而非单向运行的过程。与哲学诠释学对基于事实与规范二分的封闭体系观念的批判相一致,法律论证理论主张:在敞开的体系中论证。实践性的法律论辩只有在开放性的体系中才能得以开展。
In the mode of legal application based on the traditional intellectual tradition of sincerity, fact and value since modern times, the judge only has to strictly capture the facts by legal requirements. However, the major premise and the small premise of the syllogism often do not manifest as established factors, but rather require people to conscientiously explore and discover. In the referee, the judge’s gaze will shuttle back and forth between the relevant parts of the facts and the legal norms. This constitutes a universal feature of the application of law and is also of important theoretical significance for legal argument: it highlights that legal decisions are a two-way rather than a one-way process. Consistency with philosophical hermeneutics critique of the concept of a closed system based on the dichotomy of fact and norms. The theory of legal argumentation claims that it should be demonstrated in an open system. Practical legal argument can only be carried out in an open system.