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[背景]人们对于使用住宅灰尘评估人类环境污染物暴露感兴趣。[目的]探讨住宅灰尘中多环芳香烃(PAHs)变异性来源的特征,并为计划采用住宅灰尘评估PAHs暴露的研究者提供指导。[方法]从北加州儿童白血病研究的293户家庭的两轮采样(2001—2007年和2010年期间)中,使用家用吸尘器重复收集灰尘样本,并采用气相色谱-质谱法测量12种PAHs。采用随机和混合效应模型将每种PAH实测方差分为4种成分,并找出变异性的来源。[结果]灰尘中各种PAHs的中值浓度介于10~190ng/g。对于每种PAH,总方差分解为区域变异性(1%~9%)、家庭之间的区域内变异性(24%~48%)、随着时间推移的家庭内变异性(41%~57%)以及样本内分析变异性(2%~33%)。PAH灰尘水平的区域差异与周围空气中PAH浓度估值相关。家庭之间的区域内差异与住宅施工日期和居民吸烟习惯相关。某些PAHs随着时间呈下降的趋势,解释了一小部分家庭内的变异性。然而,混合效应模型未能解释大部分家庭内的变异性。当灰尘样品采集时间间隔至少6年时,两轮采样之间家庭内的差异最大。[结论]上述研究结果表明,在研究PAH的健康影响时,采用住宅灰尘对PAH暴露进行回顾性评估是可行的。
[Background] People are interested in using residential dust to assess human exposure to environmental pollutants. [Objective] The research aimed to investigate the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) variability in residential dust and provide guidance for researchers planning residential dust assessment of PAHs exposure. [Method] From two rounds of sampling (from 2001 to 2007 and 2010) of 293 families in the Northern California Institute of Childhood Leukemia, dust samples were repeatedly collected using a household vacuum cleaner and 12 PAHs were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The stochastic and mixed effects models were used to divide the measured variance of each PAH into four components and identify the source of the variability. [Result] The median concentrations of various PAHs in the dust ranged from 10 to 190 ng / g. For each PAH, the total variance was decomposed into regional variability (1% -9%), intra-regional variability (24% -48%), intra-household variability (41% -57% %) And in-sample analysis variability (2% -33%). Regional differences in PAH dust levels correlate with estimates of PAH concentration in the ambient air. Regional differences between households are related to residential construction dates and residents’ smoking habits. Some PAHs tend to decline over time, explaining a small percentage of intra-household variability. However, the mixed effects model fails to explain variability in most households. When the dust sample collection interval of at least 6 years, the largest difference between the two rounds of sampling within the family. [Conclusion] The above results show that it is feasible to evaluate the PAH exposure with residential dust in the study of the health effects of PAH.