一、前言以前的传感器大多是所谓结构式传感器。例如采用金属膜片的变形引起电容量的变化来检测压力,其特性是由传感器的尺寸和结构形状等来决定的。近来,传感器的适用范围日益扩大,特别是在家用电器制品和汽车等方面急需体积小、产量大的传感器产品。根据这种情况,发展直接利用材料的特性及其各种物理效应来检测信息的物理式传感器更为有利。二、材料特性及其在传感元件中的应用材料对于所有的外界条件,各自都显示出特有的响应特性。其中,对外界条件特别敏感的材料,即具有功能特性的材料被应用 First, the foreword Most of the previous sensors are so-called structural sensors. For example, the deformation of the metal diaphragm causes a change in capacitance to detect the pressure, and its characteristics are determined by the size and configuration of the sensor. Recently, the scope of application of the sensor has been expanding, especially in the fields of household appliances and automobiles, which urgently require small-sized and large-output sensor products. According to this situation, it is more advantageous to develop a physical sensor that directly uses the characteristics of a material and its various physical effects to detect information. Second, the material properties and its application in the sensing element Materials for all external conditions, each showing a unique response characteristics. Among them, materials that are particularly sensitive to external conditions, that is, materials having functional characteristics, are used