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母性效应基因即胚胎基因组激活前,控制胚胎中母性产物表达的基因。该类基因不仅影响卵母细胞的生长,而且对精、卵受精后胚胎的早期发育起着决定性作用。目前对该类基因的研究还较少,主要集中于哺乳动物上,其功能涉及卵子发生、胚胎基因组激活、核结构形成、DNA甲基化及错配修饰、染色体重构等多个方面。关于人类母性效应基因的研究还较少,继续深入研究人类母性效应基因的功能,将为揭示IVF辅助生殖过程中不明原因的受精失败、卵裂异常、胚胎早期生长停滞等现象提供坚实的理论基础,必将大大提高IVF-ET的妊娠率。
The maternal effect gene is the gene that controls the expression of maternal products in the embryo before the embryonic genome is activated. Such genes not only affect the growth of oocytes, but also play an important role in the early development of embryos after fertilization and fertilization. At present, there are few researches on this kind of genes, which mainly focus on mammals. Its function involves many aspects such as egg generation, embryonic genome activation, nuclear structure formation, DNA methylation and mismatch modification, chromosome remodeling and so on. Studies on human maternal effect genes are still rare, and further study on the function of human maternal effect genes will provide a solid theoretical basis for revealing unexplained fertilization failures, cleavage abnormalities and early embryonic growth arrest in IVF assisted reproductive process , Will greatly enhance the pregnancy rate of IVF-ET.