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根据儿童创伤后应激障碍症状诊断标准(CPSS),对四川省极重灾区的550名中小学生进行了问卷调查。结果表明:学生在“当我想起或听别人说到地震的时候,会感到难过”、“试图不去想起、谈论或感受地震这件事”、以及“很难集中注意力”这几个方面得分最高。在“反复重现创伤性体验”这一维度上得分最高。与中学生相比,小学生更容易出现反复重现创伤性体验的症状。女生在“反复重现创伤性体验”、“回避与刺激相关的情境”和“持续性警觉”三个维度上的得分均显著高于男生。有家人或同学伤亡的学生在三个维度上都显著高于没有家人或同学伤亡的学生。学生认为灾后的心理状况对自身学习的影响最大。建议:关注不同学生群体的心理健康差异,有针对性地开展心理辅导与教育。切实提高灾区中小学教师的心理健康教育能力,全面渗透心理健康教育。
According to the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (CPSS) in children, 550 primary and secondary school students in a severely affected area in Sichuan Province were surveyed. The results show that students feel sad when I think about or hear others say something about an earthquake, “” trying not to think about it, talking about or feeling the earthquake, “and” it’s hard to concentrate “The highest score in these areas. In the ”repeated traumatic experience “ this dimension scored the highest. Compared with the high school students, pupils are more prone to repeat the symptoms of traumatic experience. Girls scored significantly higher than boys in the three dimensions of ”recurring traumatic experience“, ”avoidance-related situations“ and ”continuous vigilance". Students who had family or class casualties were significantly higher in all three dimensions than those who did not have family or classmates. Students believe that the psychological conditions after a disaster have the greatest impact on their own learning. Suggestions: pay attention to the differences in mental health among different groups of students, and conduct psychological counseling and education in a targeted manner. Effectively improve the mental health education of primary and secondary school teachers in disaster areas, and comprehensively permeate mental health education.