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最高法院通过司法解释确立了非法言词证据排除规则。然而,该规则在司法实践中的运用并不令人满意。究其原因,是缺乏排除非法证据的实施性规则所致,最高法院的司法解释并未设置专门的程序来规范对非法证据的审查和裁决。而实施性规则最核心的问题——证明责任的分配更不明确。本文以刑事诉讼的证明责任分配为起点,论述非法证据排除规则中对侦查、检察人员在审判前取得的被告人供述(以下称口供)合法性的证明,应当由控诉方承担证明责任。
The Supreme Court established the rule of exclusion of evidence of illegal words through judicial interpretation. However, the application of the rule in judicial practice is unsatisfactory. The reason is the lack of enforcement rules that exclude illegal evidence. The judicial interpretation of the Supreme Court did not set up special procedures to regulate the review and ruling of illegal evidence. The core issue of implementing rules - the distribution of burden of proof is less clear. This article starts with the distribution of the burden of proof in criminal proceedings, and discusses the proof of the legitimacy of the defendant's confession (hereinafter referred to as confession) obtained by the investigating and prosecutor before the trial in the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence. The prosecutor should bear the burden of proof.