论文部分内容阅读
本文讨论了我国南方不同纬度(北纬32°-19°)、不同母质、不同海拔高度的酸性土壤中1. 4nm 过渡矿物的分布、形成条件及其存在对土壤性质的影响。1) 分布特点是:①黄棕壤中的1. 4nm 矿物主要是蛭石,只有淋溶作用较强的酸性黄棕壤中才含有1. 4nm 过渡矿物。北亚热带山地、山麓土壤中的1. 4nm 矿物主要是蛭石,但随海拔升高,蛭石含量迅速减少,1. 4nm 过渡矿物则从无到有、从少到多。②红壤、赤红壤中的1. 4nm 矿物主要是1. 4nm 过渡矿物,第四纪粘土母质发育的红壤中常伴生有少量蛭石,中-南亚热带山地土壤,随海拔升高,土壤中1. 4nm 过渡矿物含量增高、热稳性增强。③花岗岩发育的砖红壤中不含1,4nm 矿物,而玄武岩发育的砖红壤中含有1. 4nm 过渡矿物,热带山地,山麓土壤中一般不含1. 4nm 矿物,五指山海拔1200米以上才出现1. 4nm 过渡矿物。2) 1. 4nm 过渡矿物的形成条件,可归纳为:①适宜的土壤矿物风化强度,土壤中含有2:1型膨胀性矿物。②土壤呈酸性反应。③土壤有机质含量不是太高。④其形成随地区气候和母质不同而不同。3) 含1. 4nm 过渡矿物的土壤粘粒的硅铝率、阳离子交换量、比表面等都比含蛭石的土壤低,而土壤的交换性铝的含量、固磷量和土壤可变负电荷量占负电荷总量的比例则相反。
In this paper, we discuss the distribution of 1.4 nm transitional minerals in acidic soil at different latitudes (latitude 32 ° -19 ° N), different parent materials and different altitudes in the southern part of our country, and the formation conditions and their influences on soil properties. 1) The distribution is characterized by: ① Yellow brown soil 1. 4nm minerals are mainly vermiculite, only leaching strong acid yellow brown soil contains 1.4 nm transitional mineral. In the northern subtropical mountains, 1. 4nm minerals in the foothill soil are mainly vermiculite, but with increasing altitude, the content of vermiculite rapidly decreases, while the 1.4 nm transitional mineral is from scratch, from less to more. ② red soil, latosite 1. 4nm mineral is mainly 1. 4nm transitional mineral, Quaternary clay parent development often accompanied by a small amount of red soil vermiculite, mid-South subtropical mountain soil, with the elevation of the soil, 4nm transitional mineral content increased, thermal stability increased. ③ granite brick red soil does not contain 1,4 nm minerals, while the development of basalts brick red soil contains 1.4 nm transitional minerals, tropical mountain, piedmont soil generally does not contain 1.4 nm minerals, Wuzhishan above 1,200 meters above sea level appeared before 1 4nm transitional mineral. 2) 1. 4nm transitional mineral formation conditions can be summarized as: ① suitable soil mineral weathering intensity, the soil contains 2: 1 type of expansive minerals. ② acidic soil reaction. ③ soil organic matter content is not too high. ④ its formation with the regional climate and the different parent material. 3) Silica content, cation exchange capacity and specific surface of soil clay containing 1. 4nm transitional mineral are lower than that of vermiculite-containing soil, while the contents of exchangeable aluminum, phosphorus fixation and soil are negative The proportion of charge in the total negative charge is the opposite.