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种质资源蕴藏着品种遗传改良的各种有利基因,高效发掘种质资源的有利基因是实现育种突破的前提。本研究选择丹340、齐319和掖478为轮回亲本与34个供体的回交世代BC2F2群体为材料,在干旱胁迫条件下,通过测定雌雄穗开花间隔(ASI)进行耐旱鉴定。结果表明,尽管有些亲本本身对缺水环境不具备很好的耐性,但在绝大多数回交后代中均出现耐旱的超亲分离,表明这些供体均带有对这些性状的有利基因。这种潜在“隐蔽”有利基因的表达受遗传背景影响较大。从总体上看,耐旱性状的选择效率以齐319背景最高,掖478背景次之,丹340背景最低。研究表明通过大规模回交导入,并对回交后代性状的严格鉴定是发掘种质资源有利基因的有效途径。
Germplasm resources contain various favorable genes for genetic improvement of germplasm resources. Enhancing efficient germplasm resources discovery is a prerequisite for breeding breakthroughs. In this study, we selected Dan 340, Qi 319 and Ye 478 as the backcross BC2F2 populations of the recurrent parents and 34 donors. Under drought stress, drought tolerance was determined by measuring the interval between male and female spikes (ASI). The results showed that although some of the parents themselves did not have good tolerance to water shortage environment, drought tolerance in most of the backcross generations appeared super-pro-segregation, indicating that these donors all have favorable genes for these traits. The expression of this potential “hidden ” favorable gene is greatly influenced by the genetic background. Overall, the selection efficiency of drought-resistant traits is the highest in Qi 319, the second in 477, and the lowest in Dan 340. Studies have shown that the introduction of large-scale backcrossing and the strict identification of the traits of backcrossing progenies are effective ways to explore genetically favorable germplasm resources.