Synthesis of Polymerizable Amphiphiles with Systematic Variation of Critical Packing Parameters

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1IntroductionAn amphiphile is a molecule composed of hydrophilic part and hydrophobic part, which are incompatible and tend to separate from each other. The tendency of separation is often promoted by addition of water and sometimes also oil. Under balanced conditions the mixtures form macroscopically homogeneous phases, including isotropic solution phases and liquid crystalline phases. Correlation of the amphiphile structure with its preferred phases could be understood with a simple geometric model[1], which defines a dimensionless Critical Packing Parameter (CPP) to describe the relative bulkiness of the hydrophobic part and the hydrophilic part in an amphiphile. With CPP increasing from a small value to a high value the amphiphile changes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, its preferred phase structure from direct structures via lamellar structure to reverse structures. This model provides a basis for the molecular design of amphiphiles. To immobilize the microstructure of the phases formed by amphiphiles is a challenge for current material chemists. Techniques of both inorganic polymerization[2] and organic polymerization[3] have been developed. With organic polymerization the molecular design of polymerizable amphiphiles is critical for the successful immobilization of the vulnerable precursor microstructures.
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