(一) 前言现代内燃机车由于采用了涡轮增压器,使得柴油机的比功率提高,改善了经济性。然而,近几年来在东风_4型内燃机车运用过程中,常出现排气管发红、排气冒黑烟及增压器喘振等异常现象。这些弊病的出现,使内燃机车万吨公里油耗量增加、柴油机功率下降。由于柴油机性能恶化,引起了热负荷增加,影响了内 (A) Introduction Modern diesel locomotive as a result of the turbocharger, diesel engine makes the specific power increased, improving the economy. However, in recent years, during the application of Dongfeng-4 diesel locomotive, abnormalities such as exhaust pipe redness, exhaust black smoke and supercharger surge often appear. The emergence of these ills, diesel engine fuel consumption increased by 10,000 km, diesel engine power decreased. Due to deterioration of diesel engine performance, heat load is increased, affecting the internal