批判现实主义在19世纪作为一种新的文学形式出现了。并在19世纪四五十年代得以飞速的发展。查尔斯·狄更斯是英国批判现实主义的杰出代表,在他众多的作品中,《艰难时世》对当时的资产阶级体制和教育伦理以及功利主义进行了有力的抨击。在这部作品中,将上层的阶级贪婪和虚伪与人民大众的朴实无华进行了鲜明的对比。 Critical realism emerged as a new literary form in the 19th century. It developed rapidly in the 1940s and 1950s. Charles Dickens was an outstanding representative of British critical realism. Among his numerous works, “Hard Times” attacked the then bourgeois system, educational ethics and utilitarianism. In this work, the greed and hypocrisy of the upper classes are starkly contrasted with the plainness of the people.