斑疹伤寒是一种古老的传染病,早被列为法定传染病之一,我国自周秦时代起即有类似本病的记载,祖国医学称之为瘟疫或伤寒热。比较准确的记载是1850年上海的斑疹伤寒流行。解放后由于人民生活水平的提高,全国广泛开展爱国卫生运动,此病已基本消灭。世界历史上有多次大流行,都和战争及人民生活的恶劣环境有关。如1812年在拿破伦的军队中,由于斑疹伤寒而死亡的就有50万人;俄国十月革命前后发生的斑 Typhus is an ancient infectious disease, has long been classified as one of the legal infectious diseases, China since the Qin and Zhou dynasties that there is a record of the disease, the motherland medicine called the plague or typhoid fever. A more accurate record is 1850 Shanghai typhus epidemic. After the liberation, due to the improvement of living standards of the people, the patriotic health campaign was extensively carried out in the country and the disease has basically been eliminated. There have been many pandemics in world history, all related to the hostile environment of war and people’s livelihood. As in Napoleon’s army in 1812, there were 500,000 people died of typhus; spots that occurred before and after the October Revolution in Russia