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一、资料来源及旱涝标准本文应用1780(清乾隆45年)至1980年200年的资料。其中1957年至1980年为地区气象台记录,1920年至1956年为水文记载,1920年以前部分是将北京、天津水文气象资料与本地已有资料,经对比分析与统计方法订正处理后而得,同时参照北京大学“五百年旱涝分析”、石家庄地区旱涝记载、地区档案馆记录。旱涝标准以年降水距平均百分率d与盛夏季节有无连续性大——暴雨过程确定。大涝:d≥50%,且盛夏有连续三天或以上有中——大(暴)雨或在二旬时间内有3—5次大——暴雨天气过程,造成严重沥涝或洪涝。涝:d≥30%,汛期明显,因大——暴雨或雨量过于集中,造成局部沥涝。大旱:d≥-30%,汛期不明显,春旱、伏旱严重。旱:d≥-20%,有风但无太——暴雨过程,有一定程度的伏旱或秋旱。
I. Data Sources and Drought and Waterlogging Standard This paper applies the data of 1780 (Qing Emperor Qianlong 45 years) to 1980 200 years. Among them, the regional meteorological observatories were recorded from 1957 to 1980 and the hydrological records from 1920 to 1956. Before 1920, some hydrological and meteorological data of Beijing and Tianjin and the local existing data were revised and processed through comparative analysis and statistical methods. At the same time refer to Peking University “five hundred years of drought and flood analysis ”, droughts and floods recorded in Shijiazhuang area, the regional archives records. The standard of drought and flood is determined by whether the average percentage of annual precipitation is higher than that of summer or whether the rainfall is heavy. Large waterlogging: d≥50%, and there are medium-large (storm) rain in midsummer for three days or more in midsummer or 3-5 large-heavy rainy weather processes in the second half of the year, causing serious waterlogging or flooding. Flooding: d ≥ 30%, flood season is obvious, due to large - heavy rainfall or rainfall, resulting in local drainage. Drought: d ≥ -30%, flood season is not obvious, spring drought, severe drought. Drought: d ≥-20%, windy but not too - heavy rain process, with a certain degree of drought or autumn drought.